☁️ Storage & Database Deep Dive

S3 storage classes, EBS vs EFS, RDS vs DynamoDB vs ElastiCache

AWS Cloud Practitioner · CLF-C02 · ⏱️ 26 min · ❓ 6 savol

🪣 S3 Storage Classes

Standard — tez-tez kirish (millisecond latency). Intelligent-Tiering — kirish patterniga qarab avtomatik tier o'tkazadi. Standard-IA — kam kirish, arzon saqlash, retrieval narxi bor. One Zone-IA — bitta AZ, Standard-IA dan 20% arzon lekin AZ failure bo'lsa yo'qoladi. Glacier Instant — millisecond retrieval. Glacier Flexible — minutes to hours. Glacier Deep Archive — 12-48 soat, eng arzon.

💾 EBS vs EFS vs Instance Store

EBS (Elastic Block Store) — bitta EC2 ga birikadi, AZ-level, SSD/HDD. EFS (Elastic File System) — ko'p EC2 ga bir vaqtda, regional, NFS, serverless, auto-scale. Instance Store — fizik disk, EC2 o'chsa data yo'qoladi (ephemeral), eng tez, cache uchun. EBS Multi-Attach — faqat Nitro-based io1/io2, bir nechta EC2.

🗄️ RDS vs DynamoDB vs ElastiCache

RDS — managed SQL (MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, MariaDB, SQL Server, Aurora). Multi-AZ, Read Replicas. Aurora — MySQL/PostgreSQL compatible, 5x tez, serverless variant. DynamoDB — serverless NoSQL, millisecond latency, auto-scale, key-value/document. ElastiCache — in-memory cache (Redis/Memcached), ms altida response, session store, leaderboard uchun.

🔄 Database Migration & Backup

AWS DMS (Database Migration Service) — on-premises dan RDS ga, yoki bir RDS dan boshqasiga migratsiya. RDS Automated Backup — 1-35 kun retention, point-in-time restore. DynamoDB Backup — on-demand va PITR (35 kun). S3 Lifecycle Policy — ob'ektlarni avtomatik arxivlash yoki o'chirish.

📊 Storage Xizmatlar Taqqoslash

Xizmat	Tur	Access	Scope	Asosiy Use Case
S3	Object	HTTP/API	Global	Fayl, backup, static web, data lake
EBS	Block	EC2 only	AZ	OS disk, database, boot volume
EFS	File (NFS)	Ko'p EC2	Regional	Shared file system, CMS, home dirs
Instance Store	Block (ephemeral)	EC2 only	AZ	Temp files, cache, buffer
Glacier	Object (archive)	HTTP	Regional	Arxiv, compliance, backup

💡 Asosiy nuqtalar

S3: Standard > IA > One Zone-IA > Glacier — narx kamayib, retrieval sekinlashib boradi
EBS: bitta EC2, AZ-bound. EFS: ko'p EC2, regional, NFS
Instance Store: ephemeral, eng tez, cache uchun
RDS Multi-AZ: HA uchun. Read Replica: performance uchun
DynamoDB: serverless NoSQL, predictable ms latency
ElastiCache: in-memory, database oldida cache qatlami

🎯 Imtihon maslahatlari

"Shared file system across multiple EC2" → EFS (NFS), "single EC2 block storage" → EBS
"Millisecond latency NoSQL" → DynamoDB, "relational database" → RDS/Aurora
"In-memory caching" → ElastiCache, "session store" → ElastiCache Redis
S3 durability = 99.999999999% (11 nines), Availability va Durability farqi muhim
Aurora = RDS ni kuchaytirgan versiyasi, ikkala MySQL va PostgreSQL compatible

⚠️ Ko'p adashadigan

EFS va EBS ni bir xil deb o'ylash: EBS=bitta EC2, EFS=ko'p EC2
S3 ni database sifatida ishlatish tavsiya etiladi deb o'ylash — S3 object storage, DB emas
DynamoDB ni slow deb o'ylash — DynamoDB single-digit millisecond latency kafolatlaydi
Read Replica = standby backup deb o'ylash: Read Replica=performance, Multi-AZ=HA/failover

🧠 Eslab qolish: "EBS=Eksklyuziv Bitta Server, EFS=Erkin Ko'p Server" — S3 storagelar: "Standard → IA → OneZone → Glacier" = narx kamayib boradi